Phakathi kwabafoti abaziwayo bekhulu lokugqibela sifumana iMelika UElliott erwittUdume ngetalente yakhe yokuthatha imifanekiso emnandi ngcikivo, ezihlekisayo y ii-engile ezahlukeneyoUkubonakalisa i Ubomi bemihla ngemihla Yenye yezona mpawu zakhe zibalaseleyo, ezibandakanya inani elikhulu lemifanekiso ebonisa izinja. Sithetha ngale nkalo enomdla yomsebenzi wakhe, apho i iqhina phakathi kwabantu nezinja Iba ngumxholo ophindaphindwayo kunye nowe-nuanced.
Ibhayiloji emfutshane ka-Elliott Erwitt kunye nobudlelwane bakhe noMagnum
U-Erwitt wazalelwa eParis, nangona kamva wafudukela e-Itali. Unyana ka Abafuduki abangamaYuda bemvelaphi yaseRashiyaUchithe inxalenye yobuntwana bakhe phakathi kweFransi ne-Italiya de... IMfazwe Yehlabathi yesiBini Oku kwamnyanzela ukuba afudukele eUnited States nentsapho yakhe. Olu tshintsho lwelizwe lwaphawula isiqalo somsebenzi wokubonwayo apho ujongo olujongisisa kakhulu imeko yomntu kunye namabali amancinci obomi bemihla ngemihla.
EUnited States, waqalisa ukuthatha iifoto zakhe zokuqala ngokucwangcisiweyo ngakumbi. Iziqalo zakhe zobungcali zikwi-a Isitudiyo seefoto zaseHollywoodapho wafumana amava obugcisa kwaye wafunda ukuhamba ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo: ukusuka kwimifanekiso ye studio ukuya kwiikomishini zorhwebo. Kamva wasebenza njenge umfoti kwiimpapasho ezahlukeneyoeyamvumela ukuba ahambe, abe namava okwenene ahlukeneyo, kwaye aphuhlise isimbo sakhe kwintsimi ye ifotojournalism kunye ifoto yamaxwebhu.
Kolunye lolu hambo wadibana nabantu abathathu abaphambili kwimbali yokufota: Edward Steichen, URoy Stryker y URobert CapaAba bafoti baba ngabahlobo babo abakhulu. abacebisi kunye nenkxaso, ekhuthaza umbono wakhe wobuqu kunye noluvo lwakhe oluthile loburharha obubonakalayo. Ngenxa yempembelelo yeCapa, u-Erwitt waba yinxalenye yodumo Magnum Photos Agency, enye yezona qela zibalulekileyo zeefoto emhlabeni, apho wayeza kuba nguye ekugqibeleni ngameli kwiminyaka kamva.
Umsebenzi wakhe uquka okungapheliyo imixholo kunye nezimbo. Ufikile ukufota ukusuka kwiinkwenkwezi ze-celluloid, njenge UMarilyn Monroe...nabathile ababalulekileyo kwezopolitiko ezifana John F. Kennedy, URichard Nixon, U-Ernesto Che Guevara, UNikita Khrushchev o UJacqueline kennedyNgaloo ndlela, uye wadala inyani imifanekiso eqingqiweyo eziye zehla kwimbali yokufota, enkosi ngaphezu kwayo yonke into yokuchukumisa uburharha, ubuqili kunye nobuchule bokuhlangana okubonakalayo abazisa kubo.
Ngaphakathi kwi-arhente yeMagnum, u-Erwitt waphuhlisa zombini umsebenzi ingxelo yakudala njengeeprojekthi zobuqu ezithe chatha, kude kude kwiikomishini zobuntatheli. Ikhathalogu yakhe ibandakanya iifoto kwi mnyama nokumhlophe kunye nomlinganiswa oqinileyo wengxelo, kodwa kunye nochungechunge olusondele ngakumbi kunye neembongi eziye zaba ziincwadi, imiboniso yehlabathi kunye neereferensi ezibalulekileyo kwabo bafunda ukufota ngenkulungwane yama-20.
Isitayile sika-Elliott Erwitt: uburharha, umdlalo ohlekisayo wabantu, kunye nobomi bemihla ngemihla
Esinye sezitshixo kumsebenzi ka-Erwitt kukuqonda kwakhe ukufota njengempendulo ngqo kwinto eyenzekayo kumngqongileyo. Yena ngokwakhe wachaza ukuba imalunga sabela koko ubonayoNgokufanelekileyo, ngaphandle kweengcamango zangaphambili, ukufumana imifanekiso naphi na. Kumfoti, ikhamera sisixhobo uzive izinto kwaye ubanike imo ebonwayo, enikela ingqalelo kwizinto ezibangqongileyo kwaye uhlala ekhumbula uluntu kunye nomnxeba umdlalo wabantu.
Le "comedy yabantu" ibonakala kwiifoto zakhe njengendibaniselwano yesigqebelo, ubulumko y ukuthambaU-Erwitt ubambezeleka kwizijekulo, ukujonga, ukungaqondi, kunye neemeko ezibonakala ngathi azivumelekanga, ezithi, ngokuyila kwakhe kunye nomonde, ziguqulwe zibe yimiboniso ngobunzulu obukhulu. umthwalo obalisayoImifanekiso yakhe idlala umahluko phakathi kwezinto ezinzulu kunye nezihlekisayo, ezindilisekileyo kunye nemihla ngemihla, imema umbukeli ukuba aqaphele amaqhekeza obomi babo kwifoto nganye.
Uninzi lwamanqaku akhe anikezelwe ngendlela ye iimonographs zeefotoLe misebenzi, ihlanganiswe kwiincwadi ezibandakanya ingxelo yakhe kunye neziqwenga zakhe ezizimeleyo, zibandakanya izihloko eziphawuleka ngakumbi ... ubomi bemihla ngemihla, la zakhiwo, la ukufota esitratweni kwaye, kunjalo, odumileyo wakhe ingqokelela yeefoto zezinja.
Imiboniso ezinikele kumsebenzi wakhe idla ngokugxininisa ngokuthe ngqo lo mxube we uburharha nobunzuluIisampulu ezininzi zisebenzisa zombini iikopi ezincinci, eziqeshwa ngu-Erwitt njenge iimbonakaliso zomsebenzi iincwadi neemagazini, ezifana iikopi zefomati enkuluEzi zithonga ziyilelwe ukuze abaphulaphuli bakwazi ukuxabisa zonke izijekulo, ukujonga nje, kunye nazo zonke iinkcukacha ezihlekisayo okanye zovakalelo ezikhoyo kwindawo. Le ndibaniselwano ivumela ukuba kuqondwe ngcono inkqubo yakhe yokudala kunye nendlela ayikhethileyo kwaye ilungelelanise imifanekiso yakhe.
Izinja kumsebenzi ka-Elliott Erwitt: umxholo ophindaphindiweyo kunye othandekayo
Kunjalo ubukho bezinja kumsebenzi wakhe kangangokuba idocumentary malunga nomsebenzi wakhe yade yapapashwa inesihloko "Ndikhonkotha izinja" ("Ndikhonkotha izinja"), ngokuhlonipha iqhinga alisebenzisayo ukufumana ingqalelo yabo. U-Erwitt wavuma ukuba uhlala ekhonkotha kubo. Khonkotha ngokoqobo ukubenza bajonge ikhamera okanye basabele ngendlela ethile, bekhupha ezabo ubuntu obukhethekileyo kunye nokuzenzekela kwayo.
Kwiifoto zabo, izinja zivela ehamba nabaninizoUkutsiba, ukukhonkotha, ukudlala, ukulala ekoneni, okanye ukujonga nje umhlaba ngalo mxube wokufuna ukwazi kunye nokuzola okufana nezilwanyana. Uninzi lwale mifanekiso luthathwe kuyo iiengile ezingaqhelekanga, ngokuqhelekileyo ekuphakameni kwenja, okomeleza imvakalelo yokuba inja ingumlinganiswa oyinyaniso wendawo kwaye kungekhona iqabane lomntu.
Ukongeza, u-Erwitt uneqela elininzi iincwadi ezinikezelwe kwizinja, apho aqulunqa khona iifoto ezibonisa iinkwenkwezi, njenge "Ubomi beNja" kunye nezinye iimonographs apho izilwanyana ziba sisipili se kuluntu kunye ubume bomntuIncwadi yakhe ethi "Personal Best" ikwabandakanya eminye yemifanekiso yakhe edumileyo kunye nezinja, edibanisa kumbono wehlabathi lomsebenzi wakhe.
Ubukho bezinja emsebenzini wakhe ayisiyonto nje ianecdote okanye ubuhlobo bomntu: kubagxeki abaninzi, ezi foto umzekelo ogqibeleleyo indlela Erwitt usebenzisa uburharha ezibonwayo ukuthetha imixholo nzulu, ezifana u lonwabo, la ubunzima, i uthando okanye ukwahluka kweklasi nendlela yokuphila. Inkangeleko yenja, ukuma kwayo, ukwahluka kwendawo eyingqongileyo okanye isinxibo somniniyo kuthetha okungakumbi kunokubonwa ngamehlo.
"Ukufota akufundwanga, kuyenziwa," ucacisa u-Erwitt, ehlonitshwa kakhulu ngendlela yakhe ekhethekileyo yobugcisa. Le filosofi ibonakala ngokucacileyo kwiifoto zakhe zezinja: ngaphaya kobuchule, eyona nto ibalulekileyo kukukwazi lindela umzuzu wesigqibo, yokubakho kwindawo kunye nomzuzu xa kwenzeka into ekhethekileyo, nokuba yinto encinci okanye i-coincidence ehlekisayo kwisitalato.
Iincwadi, amaxwebhu kunye nelifa lemifanekiso
Ngalo lonke ixesha lakhe carreraU-Elliott Erwitt ubhale iimonographs ezininzi eqokelela eyona misebenzi ibalulekileyo. Ezi ncwadi ziquka zombini uthotho lwe ifoto yamaxwebhu y ifotojournalism njengeeprojekthi zobuqu ezikhokelele kwimiboniso kwiimyuziyam nakwiigalari kwihlabathi jikelele.
Ezinye iikhathalogu ezinikezelwe kumsebenzi wakhe zibandakanya iifoto ezithatyathwe kumashumi eminyaka aliqela, apho ukuvela kwesimbo sakhe kunokubonwa ngaphandle kokulahlekelwa ngumxube weempawu zakhe. ubulumko y ukuqondaUninzi lwale miqulu ilandela a ulandelelwano lwemixholo kwaye hayi ngokolandelelwano lwamaxesha, ukwahlula imifanekiso ngokwemixholo efana nesitrato, ezopolitiko, usapho, izilwanyana, okanye ulwakhiwo. Ngale ndlela, kugxininiswa ukuhambelana kombono wakhe ngaphaya kokuhamba kwexesha.
Iiprojekthi zakhe zibandakanya zombini ukukhulelwa kunye iingxelo zakudala -enxulunyaniswa ne-photojournalism yenkulungwane yenkulungwane-kunye neminye imisebenzi esondeleyo, efakwe kwiincwadi kunye nemiboniso efana ne "Son of Bitch," "Iifoto kunye ne-Antiphotographs," "Observations on American Architecture," "The Angel Tree," "Hundstage," kunye "Ukubonakaliswa komntu," phakathi kwabanye. Kuzo, u-Erwitt udibanisa imiboniso yobomi bemihla ngemihla, imifanekiso, iinkcukacha zedolophu, kwaye, ngokuqinisekileyo, ezininzi. izigcawu nezinja.
Njengoko yena ngokwakhe uye wabonisa ngamaxesha athile, umsebenzi wakhe unikezelwe kubo bonke abantu kunye nezilwanyana ezithi, kwi unolwazi okanye ungekho zingqondweniZiye zasebenza njengezifundo kuye. Le ngxelo ishwankathela ngokufanelekileyo indlela yakhe yokufota: ukuqwalaselwa rhoqo kwehlabathi lokwenyani, apho wonke umntu ophilayo onqumla indlela yekhamera yakhe unokuba yinxalenye yebali elibonakalayo eligcwele uburharha nobuntu.
Iifoto zakhe sizibona kweyakhe iphepha lewebhu, phakathi kwazo sifumana uninzi lwezinja ezihamba kunye nabanini bazo, ukutsiba, ukukhonkotha, ukudlala, njl. Ngokuqinisekileyo malunga uthotho lwemifanekiso Unomdla, uyahlekisa, kwaye uchukumisa, ezi foto zibonisa inja njengenkwenkwezi engenakuphikiswa. Kuso nasiphi na isilwanyana kunye nomthandi wokufota, ukuphonononga kwi Iifoto Umsebenzi ka-Elliott Erwitt uphonononga ukuba, ngokuhleka nokuthantamisa, umntu unokwakha umbono onzulu kubomi bemihla ngemihla kunye nobudlelwane obukhethekileyo esabelana nabo kunye namaqabane ethu anemilenze emine.